1.Manual Testing Fundamentals

1. Testing Fundamentals
1.1. Definition
“The process of exercising software to verify that it satisfies specified requirements and to detect errors “
(Or)
“Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors”
(Or)
Testing identifies faults, whose removal increases the software quality by increasing the software’s potential reliability. Testing is the measurement of software quality. We measure how closely we have achieved quality by testing the relevant factors such as correctness, reliability, usability, maintainability, reusability and testability.
(Or)
Software testing is a process to check whether our application or product meets the client or customer requirements or not.

1.2. Objective

· Testing is a process of executing a program with intent of finding an error.
· A good test is one that has a high probability of finding an as-yet-undiscovered error.
· A successful test is one that uncovers an as-yet-undiscovered error.
· Testing should also aim at suggesting changes or modifications if required, thus adding value to the entire process.
· The objective is to design tests that systematically uncover different classes of errors and do so with a minimum amount of time and effort.
· Demonstrating that the software application appears to be working as required by the specification.
· Meeting performance requirements.
· Software reliability and software quality based on the data collected during testing.

1.3. Benefits of Testing
· Increase accountability and Control.
· Cost reduction.
· Time reduction.
· Defect reduction.
· Increase productivity of the Software developers.
· Quantitative Management of Software delivery.

1.4. Defect:
If software misses some feature or function from what is there in requirement it is called as defect.
(Or)
It is nothing but mismatch between the developer developed requirement and the customer specific requirement, then the mismatch is called as defect.
Missing of the customer requirement during development

1.5. Bug:
A fault in a program which causes the program to perform in an unintended or unanticipated manner.
(Or)
Bug means deviation from the expectation.
(or)
Actual result not equal to expected result.